An Introduction to bioreactor hydrodynamics and gas-liquid mass transfer
Machine generated contents note: 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 MODES OF OPERATION 3 2.1 Batch Bioreactors 3 2.2 Continuous Bioreactors 9 2.3 Summary 15 3 GAS-LIQUID MASS TRANSFER MODELS 17 4 EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES 28 4.1 Measuring Bioreactor Hydrodynamic Characteristics 28 4.1.1 Flow regime measu...
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| Format: | UnknownFormat |
| Sprache: | eng |
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Hoboken, NJ
Wiley
2014
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| Online Zugang: | Cover Cover |
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| Zusammenfassung: | Machine generated contents note: 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 MODES OF OPERATION 3 2.1 Batch Bioreactors 3 2.2 Continuous Bioreactors 9 2.3 Summary 15 3 GAS-LIQUID MASS TRANSFER MODELS 17 4 EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES 28 4.1 Measuring Bioreactor Hydrodynamic Characteristics 28 4.1.1 Flow regime measurements 29 4.1.2 Local pressure drop 30 4.1.3 Mixing or residence time 32 4.1.4 Axial diffusion coefficient 33 4.1.5 Gas-liquid interfacial area 34 4.1.6 Bubble size and velocity 35 4.1.7 Global and local liquid velocity 37 4.1.8 Gas holdup 40 4.1.8.1 Bed expansion 41 4.1.8.2 Pressure drop measurements 41 4.1.8.3 Dynamic gas disengagement (DGD) 46 4.1.8.4 Tomographic techniques 47 4.1.9 Liquid holdup 50 4.1.10 Power measurements 51 4.2 Gas-Liquid Mass Transfer 53 4.2.1 Dissolved oxygen measurement techniques 54 4.2.1.1 Chemical method 54 4.2.1.2 Volumetric method 56 4.2.1.3 Tubing method 56 4.2.1.4 Optode method 57 4.2.1.5 Electrochemical electrode method 58 4.2.1.5.1 Polarographic electrodes 59 4.2.1.5.2 Galvanic probes 61 4.2.1.5.3 Electrochemical electrode time constant 61 4.2.1.5.4 Electrochemical electrode response time (τe) 64 4.2.1.5.5 Electrochemical electrode response models 66 4.2.1.5.6 Summary of electrochemical electrode response models 72 4.2.2 Dissolved carbon monoxide measurements 72 4.2.2.1 Bioassay overview 74 4.2.2.2 Needed materials 75 4.2.2.3 Liquid sample collection 76 4.2.2.4 Identifying the concentrated myoglobin solution concentration 77 4.2.2.5 Sample preparation for analysis 78 4.2.2.6 Determining the dissolved CO concentration 79 4.2.3 Determining volumetric gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient, kLa 80 4.2.3.1 Gas balance method 81 4.2.3.2 Dynamic method 82 4.2.3.2.1 Biological dynamic method 82 4.2.3.2.2 Non-biological dynamic method 85 4.2.3.2.3 Variations of the inlet step change 86 4.2.3.2.4 Dynamic method drawbacks 91 4.2.3.3 Chemical sorption methods 92 4.2.3.3.1 Sulfite oxidation method 92 4.2.3.3.2 The hydrazine method 94 4.2.3.3.3 Peroxide method 95 4.2.3.3.4 Carbon dioxide absorption method 95 4.3 Summary 95 5 MODELING BIOREACTORS 97 5.1 Multiphase Flow CFD Modeling 97 5.1.1 Governing equations for gas-liquid flows 100 5.1.2 Turbulence modeling 101 5.1.3 Interfacial momentum exchange 104 5.1.4 Bubble pressure model 105 5.1.5 Bubble-induced turbulence 106 5.1.6 Modeling bubble size distribution 107 5.2 Biological Process Modeling 109 5.2.1 Simple bioprocess models 111 5.3 Summary 113 6 STIRRED TANK BIOREACTORS 114 6.1 Introduction 114 6.2 Stirred Tank Reactor Flow Regimes 116 6.2.1 Radial Flow Impellers 117 6.2.2 Axial Flow Impellers 122 6.3 Effects of Impeller Design and Arrangement 127 6.3.1 Radial Flow Impellers 129 6.3.2 Axial flow impellers 134 6.3.3 Multiple Impeller Systems 139 6.3.4 Surface Aeration 148 6.3.5 Self-Inducing Impellers 150 6.4 Superficial Gas Velocity 152 6.5 Power Input 155 6.6 Baffle Design 158 6.7 Sparger Design 161 6.7.1 Axial Flow Impellers 162 6.7.2 Radial Flow Impellers 164 6.8 Microbial Cultures 165 6.9 Correlation Forms 172 6.10 Summary 184 7 BUBBLE COLUMN BIOREACTORS 191 7.1 Introduction 191 7.2 Flow Regimes 194 7.3 Column Geometry 202 7.3.1 Column Diameter 202 7.3.2 Unaerated Liquid Height 205 7.3.3 Aspect Ratio 206 7.4 Other Operating Conditions 207 7.4.1 Pressure 207 7.4.2 Temperature 210 7.4.3 Viscosity 212 7.4.4 Surface Tension and Additives 213 7.5 Gas Distributor Design 215 7.6 Correlations 221 7.7 Needed Bubble Column Research 226 7.8 Summary 227 8 AIRLIFT BIOREACTORS 243 8.1 Introduction 243 8.2 Circulation Regimes 247 8.3 Configuration 253 8.3.1 Bioreactor Height 255 8.3.2 Area Ratio 258 8.3.3 Gas Separator 261 8.3.4 Internal-Loop Airlift Bioreactor 266 8.3.5 External-Loop Airlift Bioreactor 268 8.4 Sparger Design 272 8.5 Correlations 277 8.6 Needed Research 280 8.7 Summary 284 9 FIXED BED BIOREACTORS 295 9.1 Introduction 295 9.2 Column Geometry and Components 299 9.3 Flow Regime 307 9.4 Liquid Properties 314 9.5 Packing Material 316 9.5.1 Random Packing 319 9.5.2 Structured Packing 321 9.6 Biological Considerations 324 9.7 Correlations 325 9.8 Needed Research 327 9.9 Summary 328 10 NOVEL BIOREACTORS 333 10.1 Introduction 333 10.2 Novel Bubble-Induced Flow Designs 333 10.3 Miniaturized Bioreactors 341 10.3.1 Microreactors 343 10.3.2 Nanoreactors 348 10.4 Membrane Reactor 349 10.5 Summary 353 11 FIGURES OF MERIT 355 12 CONCLUDING REMARKS 363 13 NOMENCLATURE 367 Abbreviations 375 Greek Symbols 377 Dimensionless numbers 379 14 BIBLIOGRAPHY 382 . "This book provides an overview of hydrodyanmics and gas-liqiud mass transfer operations for various bioreactor configurations. It provides a summary of the available information for various bioreactors, reviews the relevant theories and experimental procedures, and provide a procedure for bioreactor selection"-- "This book reviews and compares the major types of bioreactors used to produce renewable fuels, chemicals, medicines, and proteins, by providing an overview of the hydrodynamics and gas-liquid mass transfer operations in this equipment. These operations are important because they influence the quality and quantity of the desired material produced in the reactor. The text also discusses advantages and disadvantages of each bioreactor and provides a procedure for optimal bioreactor selection based on current process needs, giving chemical and mechanical engineers a practical, working reference"-- |
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| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references (pages 275-310) and index |
| Beschreibung: | X, 314 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9781118104019 978-1-118-10401-9 |