The evolution of regional income inequality in Brazil, 1872-2015
Regional inequality may hinder national development, which is disconcerting for Brazil as one of the world's most unequal countries. This chapter compiles new and existing state-level estimates of per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Brazil and examines their dispersion over the time peri...
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| Format: | UnknownFormat |
| Sprache: | eng |
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2020
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Tag hinzufügen | Zusammenfassung: | Regional inequality may hinder national development, which is disconcerting for Brazil as one of the world's most unequal countries. This chapter compiles new and existing state-level estimates of per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Brazil and examines their dispersion over the time period from 1872 to 2015. Spatial inequality followed a cyclical pattern, according to population-weighted coefficients of variation: it declined between 1872 and 1905/1920; reversed to an even higher level by 1940, where it stabilized until 1970; and fell to at least an 80-year low by 2015. These trends were driven by commodity cycles (including coffee, rubber, and soybeans); the supply of labor and capital (with abolition of slavery and mass immigration); reductions in transportation costs (from road and rail-line expansion); domestic and trade policy (entailing import substitution industrialization or neoliberalism); and related processes of self-reinforcing structural change. The early estimates suggest a long-run succession of regional growth and contraction, though with an increasingly pronounced polarization between the North and the South. |
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| ISBN: | 9783030475529 |